JBinMech 2015

Several themes applying binary mechanics (BM) postulates were pursued in 2015:

1) Derivation of basic physics constants from BM first principles included zero electron electron dipole moment (EDM) [2], Planck's constant h and hence intrinsic electron spin [3], intrinsic electron magnetic moment [4] and vacuum light velocity c [8].

The four time-development bit operations are key BM first principles and the Binary Mechanics Lab Simulator (BMLS) applies them to a selected initial system state (bit function) [16]. Light velocity c was demonstrated to approximate V/π, where bit velocity V = L/T and L and T are BM primary length and time constants respectively. Thus, constant light speed c was promoted from Einstein postulate to derived value.

2) Predictions of BM first principles were confirmed by other labs including zero electron electron dipole moment (EDM) [2] and non-spherical proton shape [5]. Also, predicted opacity of absolute vacuum was confirmed in simulations [8].

3) More "unsolved physics mysteries" moved to the "solved" category including a full account of particle up and down spin as a function of quantized time phase factors [1] and anomalous electron magnetic moment as effects of intrinsic electron 1-state bits affecting measuresments or in other words, basically a measurement artifact [4].

4) Pillars of out-dated, incomplete, partial quantum mechanics continued to crumble with debunking of "up-down" spin [1], demonstration of a non-zero proton electric dipole moment (EDM) [6], description of the Higgs field, requiring obsolete continuous space-time theory, as a primitive version of elementary particle spot architecture in BM [7] [9], spurious Standard Model math used to justify use of classical continuous space-time theory instead of energy-space-time quantization in BM [14] and debunking the Bell inequality violation myth [17].

5) Preceding step 4 ("we win"), Mahatma Gandhi's step 2 ("they laugh", ridicule) and step 3 ("they attack") became evident [15].

Spot Unit Components Of Elementary Particles

Abstract. Space quantization has revealed how the eight elementary particles in the Standard Model in particle physics and quantum mechanics (QM) may be accounted for by spatial structures containing binary bits. Key properties of these eight particles (Table 1) have been derived from the postulates of binary mechanics (BM) [1] and a physical interpretation of quantized space [2] consisting of a lattice of spot cubes (Fig. 1). This report announces the finding that the eight elementary particles may arise from only four types of a more fundamental object called the spot unit.
Fig. 1: Spot Cube

Fundamental Forces In Physics

This report (1) updates and discusses how the fundamental bit operations of binary mechanics (BM) [1] relate to conventional concepts of fundamental forces in physics (Table 1) and (2) adds a term to the equations for electromagnetic forces (scalar and vector bit operations) to further formalize their consistency with Special Relativity (Table 2). As a result, the three BM bit operations -- scalar, vector and strong -- are seen to depend on three similar binary values -- source 1-state bit, a potential, and destination 0-state bit.

Table 1: Fundamental forces: previous vs BM

Matter-Antimatter Asymmetry Mechanism

Matter and antimatter particles are thought to be composed of one or more of eight basic or "elementary" particles listed in the columns of Table 1 (partly from Table 1 in [1]).

Table 1: Spot Cube Data

In Table 1, four of these particles are matter (green) and the other four are antimatter (pink). However, widely accepted observations indicate that the known universe is composed almost completely of matter and that antimatter is very scarce. This situation is called "matter-antimatter asymmetry" which many physicists consider to be a major unsolved mystery. This report tries a solution to this problem by introducing data which reveals a real-time mechanism causing this asymmetry. Table 1 shows the 1-state bit transitions due to the strong bit operation (Fx, Fy, Fz) [2]. These values were summed for the mite counts before and after the strong bit operation for each elementary particle leading to the discovery that the strong bit operation increases mite count for matter particles and decreases mite count for antimatter particles. This paper presents the derivation and some implications of this finding.

Physics News: Gravity Game-Changer

Gravity has been viewed as a primary force by physicists for over a century. As the theory of binary mechanics (BM) [1] developed, the author assumed that gravitation would take its place among the primary forces which generally corresponded to four discrete bit operations -- unconditional, electromagnetic (scalar and vector) and strong, determining the time-development of a physical system. Hence, the initial assumption was that gravity would have its own bit operation to bring the total to five operators on BM states. However, simulation experiments produced gravity-like effects without postulation of any additional gravity-related bit operation, a result that strongly suggested that gravity was not a primary force at all.

Gravitation looses primary force status
In these experiments [2], the initial state consisted of two bodies (volumes with higher 1-state bit densities than surrounding space). Then the four postulated BM bit operations were applied repeatedly, while observing changes in the system. Acceleration of the two bodies toward each other was found and appeared to depend on a higher bit density between the two bodies than in other directions around the bodies. This conclusion was readily observed. Each body radiated 1-state bits to its lower density surroundings. Obviously, the space between the objects would develop a higher 1-state bit density than any other direction.

JBinMech 2014

"Physics News: Gravity Game-Changer"
From 2011 to 2014, the author was waiting for a number of peer-reviewed physics journals, such as PhysRevD, to review and hopefully publish his 2011 lunar laser ranging study on the effect of surface temperature on earth-moon gravitation, which appeared to obviously exclude General Relativity. This paper was submitted to an ample number of journal editors. All except one refused to even formally review the paper; one returned comments from reviewers who appeared to be incompetent in the subject matter. Thus, the author wrote his own review in the "gravity game-changer" paper.

At some point, the author might disclose the names of this list of peer-reviewed journals, all losers in the finish declared in 2018 of the century-long physics grand championship race to derive fundamental constants from first principles.

"Matter-Antimatter Asymmetry Mechanism"
Binary mechanics (BM) postulates were used to document a major puzzle piece, if not a complete solution, to the so-called matter-antimatter asymmetry mystery, no doubt while some losing labs in the greatest race in physics in 100 years continue to the present to justify research funding in search of a solution.

"Fundamental Forces In Physics"
Mathematical definitions of fundamental forces based on BM were presented, replacing the out-dated, 20th century custom of defining forces based on observed particle interactions -- a more primitive approach lacking scientific discipline.

"Spot Unit Components Of Elementary Particles"
A spot unit consists of two adjacent size L spatial cubes, where L is the BM primary length constant. One spot unit cube is a M bit locus; the other, a L bit locus, where M and L bits are restricted to 0 or 1 values to quantize energy. 1-state M or L bits represent energy quanta, an essential tool for quantitative analysis of energy. M and L bit state was defined as the quantized absolute value of the x and y components in complex amplitudes used in quantum mechanics -- sign(x)abs(x) + isgn(y)abs(y) -- in the framing of BM postulates from a pair of Dirac spinor equations of opposite handedness.

A spot is a spatial assembly of three spot units, one in each X, Y and Z direction in quantized space. There were only eight different spot types, which corresponded to eight and only eight elementary particles. The longer list in the Standard Model are all one of these eight or compositions of them.

This paper defined hypothetical sub-components of spot units thought to be required for the time-development bit operations to function. Continuing application of the four bit operations to the system state (bit function) of the universe is what keeps our world humming along as it does. This information was used to analyze the minimum number of spot unit types required to assemble the eight different elementary particles.

The result was that only four spot unit types were required implying that all particles are composed of just four types of spatial elements called spot units. Even better, two pairs of the four types were almost identical except for just one sub-component position. Hence, one might say that only two types of spot units account for all observed matter and antimatter, each type with two "variations". These are the smallest spatial objects known in physics.

The number 2 appears again -- the number of allowed M or L bit states: 0 or 1. Yes, it's a binary universe, folks.

Physics News: Faster Than Light

The physics world has been aroused from a long intellectual slumber by the report from CERN investigators that some muon neutrinos may travel faster than the speed of light [1], possibly violating an essential premise of Einstein's Special Theory of Relativity. Confirmation and hopefully replication of this result would lend support for the long-standing prediction of binary mechanics (BM) [2] that absolute maximum velocity at the single bit level is substantially greater than the observed speed of light (e.g., [3] [4] [5]). Consequences of this BM prediction might result in a number of situations in which apparent faster-than-light motion could be observable.

Physics News: Electron Shape

Physics News will be a new feature of this informal journal of binary mechanics (BM) [1] highlighting research supporting predictions of the theory. This installment considers the BM prediction that the electric dipole moment (EDM) of the electron is exactly zero. A recent report by Hudson et. al. in Nature on "Improved measurement of the shape of the electron" [2] states: "This result, consistent with zero, indicates that the electron is spherical at this improved level of precision." In an email exchange with one of the six co-authors of this paper, I wrote:

In binary mechanics (e.g., "Physical interpretation of binary mechanical space" ... [3]), which postulates an internal structure for the electron, the constituent bits (called mites) "spin" in a plane orthogonal to the spin axis, where each of three possible equally-spaced mite bit loci is equidistant from the particle's center of mass and symmetrically located around the spin axis.

sciencedaily.com reporting on your Nature letter states (AFAIK, their words, not yours): "If the electrons were not perfectly round then, like an unbalanced spinning-top, their motion would exhibit a distinctive wobble, distorting the overall shape of the molecule. The researchers saw no sign of such a wobble."

A Law of Motion

Several consequences of the postulates of binary mechanics (BM) [1] may be summarized in a basic physics law of motion, namely that objects tend to move in the direction of higher bit density. Fig. 1 illustrates this idea for one spatial dimension.

Fig. 1: A Law of Motion

This working hypothesis of a fundamental law of motion in physics is applicable for objects ranging from elementary particles to astronomical objects such as planets and entire galaxies. This note reviews some results and logic supporting this hypothesis.

Gravity Increased By Lunar Surface Temperature Differential

Abstract presented at April 13-16 APS meeting:
Bulletin of the American Physical Society 58(4) 186 (2013)

Abstract and Introduction
Quantitatively large effects of lunar surface temperature on apparent gravitational force measured by lunar laser ranging (LLR) and lunar perigee may challenge widely accepted theories of gravity. LLR data [1] grouped by days from full moon shows the moon is about 5 percent closer to earth at full moon compared to 8 days before or after full moon. In a second, related result, moon perigees were least distant in days closer to full moon. Moon phase was used as proxy independent variable for lunar surface temperature. These results support the prediction by binary mechanics (BM) [2] that gravitational force increases with object surface temperature [3].

Methods and Results
Fig. 1: Lunar Distance vs Days from Full Moon

Blackbody and Hydrogen Spectrums from Binary Mechanical Postulates?

Possible blackbody and hydrogen spectrums produced by binary mechanical (BM) postulates [1] as evolved over time with simulation software [2] and a new spectrum analysis program are presented. Examples of these spectrums (e.g., Fig. 1) may have implications for (1) length conversion functions between BM and observational spaces [3] [4] (2) correct BM bit operations order for time-development of BM system states [5] and (3) calibration of temperature in degrees Kelvin in terms of average single mite bit motion due to electromagnetic (EM) forces [6] [7].

Fig. 1: Spectrum of 40x40x40 Spot Space (Ticks per bar = 13)

Solved Physics Mysteries

Updated: June 26, 2011
Binary mechanics (BM) [1] is a theory of everything based on simple postulates in which the universe is implemented with a single fundamental object called the spot unit consisting of two binary bits. Based on position parities in BM space (Table 1 in [1]), these two bits determine, among other things, electric and color charges for leptons and quarks (the mite bit) and direction of bit motion (the lite bit) according to four fundamental bit operations which define exact time-development of BM states (1-state bit distributions).

An interesting Wikipedia article titled "List of Unsolved Problems in Physics" [2] provides an opportunity to take stock of the development of the theory of BM to date. Hence, this article will follow the general outline of the Wikipedia article with several objectives -- (1) provide hopefully helpful commentary for students of BM, (2) suggest where unsolved problems may be successfully addressed by the theory of BM and its software simulation technology [3], and (3) tabulate as solved those items where BM may have already adequately addressed, in whole or part, particular unsolved problems.